What Causes Diverticulitis and What Should I Do?
Diverticular disease is a term used to describe the inflammation of bulging pouches in the large intestine's wall. These pouches, called diverticula, can affect the large intestine or colon. It's called diverticulosis, which is when diverticula are present but don’t cause any symptoms. As people age, some may develop symptoms, while others never do. If symptoms do appear, they can include abdominal pain and other discomforts. Sounds like a lot to take in, right? Don’t worry—it’s more straightforward than it seems. Let’s break down what causes diverticulitis and what steps you should take if you notice any symptoms.
What is Diverticulitis?
Diverticulosis refers to tiny bulging sacs or pouches that develop on the intestine's inner wall and can become inflamed or infected. These pouches are most commonly found in the lower part of the intestine, known as the colon. The small pouches are known as diverticula; if they’re not infected or inflamed, the condition is called diverticulosis.
What Causes Diverticulitis?
Diverticulitis affects more than half of Americans over age sixty. The exact cause of diverticulitis is still unknown, but several factors may play a significant role. One of the roles may be a diet of processed food that’s low in fiber. Fiber helps you pass stools, which can avoid constipation and hard stools. When you’re low on it, you may strain to pass stools, increasing pressure in the colon or your intestines and ultimately forming the pouches. The pouches can become inflamed or infected when filled or blocked with stool. Other lifestyle factors that may play a role in diverticulitis include lifestyle factors such as obesity, low-activity lifestyles, and the usage of certain medications such as steroids or opioids. In some cases, genetics or immune problems may play a role as well.
Symptoms of Diverticulitis
A common symptom of diverticulitis is experiencing pain in the lower left abdomen below the chest. Although it’s most commonly in the lower left abdomen, the pain can be in any area of your abdomen since some people experience pain in their right side. There may be bloating and cramping in the lower abdomen as well. Symptoms of diverticulitis are severe and often come on suddenly and then quickly worsen.
Symptoms of diverticulitis include:
Bloating or gas
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea or constipation
Blood in stool
Abdomen pain that worsens after eating
Fever and chills
Cramping or pain in the lower abdomen
Types of Diverticulitis
There are four different types of diverticulitis. They all have similar symptoms, but treatment and the exams or tests doctors run will differ depending on the kind of diverticulitis. Let’s look at the four types of diverticulitis:
Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
Uncomplicated diverticulitis is a type in which the diverticula is localized and doesn’t involve complications such as bleeding, abscesses, or other obstructions. It is considered mild since the inflammation is contained, and there are no secondary problems. Technically, this is considered to be localized inflammation, and it will cause milder symptoms. There are unlikely to be any severe complications. Many times, this type of diverticulitis can be treated at home with pain medication and dietary changes.
Complicated Diverticulitis
Complicated diverticulitis is the most severe form of diverticulitis. It occurs when the inflammation in the colon has progressed and now includes various complications such as abscesses, bowel obstruction, bleeding, or other severe complications. These can lead to serious issues and will need medical intervention. This type of diverticulitis will need to be confirmed with tests such as a CT scan, and it often requires surgery, depending on how severe the complications are.
Acute Diverticulitis
Acute diverticulitis develops suddenly and then quickly disappears once treated. If an episode doesn’t heal entirely, it can have multiple episodes. Another chronic condition in your colon may also cause this condition. This type of diverticulitis is typically confirmed with a CT scan, and treatment may include antibiotics, dietary modifications, and pain medication. More severe cases may need surgery to remove the affected part of the colon or intestine.
Chronic Diverticulitis
Chronic diverticulitis is a type of diverticulitis that causes multiple or single attacks of chronic inflammation. Repeated attacks may also cause complications. Chronic inflammation is when the inflammation and infection don’t completely clear up and can lead to more significant complications.
What To Do if You Think You Have Diverticulitis
If you think you have diverticulitis, you should see a doctor immediately. Diverticulitis is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate medication attention. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, seek medical attention immediately.
Conclusion
Diverticulitis is a serious condition that requires attention, but understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you take proactive steps toward managing your health. While the development of diverticula is common, especially as we age, complications like inflammation or infection should not be ignored. Paying attention to symptoms such as persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or other signs of discomfort is key to catching the condition early.
If you suspect you may have diverticulitis, seeking prompt medical evaluation is essential. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent more severe complications, such as abscesses, obstructions, or chronic inflammation. Additionally, adopting a high-fiber diet, maintaining an active lifestyle, and addressing other risk factors like obesity or medication use can reduce the likelihood of flare-ups and improve overall digestive health.
While diverticulitis can be challenging, it is manageable with proper medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Staying informed and proactive can help you maintain a healthier, more balanced life. If you have concerns, consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance and support.
